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Dysmenorrhea causes severe and frequent cramps and pain during your period. It may be either primary or secondary.
- Primary dysmenorrhea. This occurs when you first start your period and continues throughout your life. It is usually life-long. It can cause severe and frequent menstrual cramping from severe and abnormal uterine contractions.
- Secondary dysmenorrhea. This type is due to some physical cause. It usually starts later in life. It may be caused by another medical condition, such as pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis.
Women with primary dysmenorrhea have abnormal contractions of the uterus due to a chemical imbalance in the body. For example, the chemical prostaglandin controls the contractions of the uterus.
Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by other medical conditions, most often endometriosis. This is a condition in which endometrial tissue implants outside the uterus. Endometriosis often causes internal bleeding, infection, and pelvic pain.
Other causes of secondary dysmenorrhea include the following:
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Uterine fibroids
- Abnormal pregnancy (miscarriage, ectopic)
- Infection, tumors, or polyps in the pelvic cavity
What are the symptoms of dysmenorrhea?
The following are the most common symptoms of dysmenorrhea. However, each person may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
- Cramping in the lower abdomen
- Pain in the lower abdomen
- Low back pain
- Pain radiating down the legs
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Fainting
- Headaches
The symptoms of dysmenorrhea may look like other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your health care provider for a diagnosis.
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